Shikrot Mpwi - Sunday Synopsis with Fr. Justine J. Dyikuk

First Sunday of Lent Year C – March 10, 2019.

Reading: Deut. 26:4-10; Responsorial Psalm 91:1-2.10-11.12-13.14-15(R.15b);

Rom. 10:8-13 & Gospel Luke 4:1-13.

Theme: Deliver Us From Evil!

Introduction

Friends in Christ, I welcome you heartily to the first Sunday of Lent. Indeed, Lent is a season of grace which invites us to take to the traditional practices of prayer, fasting and almsgiving even as we follow Jesus in the Stations of the Cross. Today, the Church wants us to reflect on the temptation of Jesus as a stepping stone to overcoming the ploy of the devil as we await the resurrection of Christ on Easter Sunday morning. We shall highlight the background of the readings, state the types of temptation there are and also pinpoint the expected pastoral lessons.   

Background & Summary of the Readings

In the first reading, (Deut. 26:4-10) Moses recounts to the people how their forebears came from Aram and became a great nation but were ill-treated by the Egyptians. He maintained that they called on God who saw their misery and oppression and delivered them through signs and wonders with an outstretched arm. What is more, he brought them to the Promised Land, a land flowing with milk and honey. He decided to bring the first-fruits of the produce of the soil that God gave them as a sign of gratitude to him for delivering them from evil while commanding the people to do same in worship of the Lord.  

The second reading (Rom. 10:8-13) drives home the message that God delivers those who believe from their hearts that they are made righteous and confess the name of Jesus with their lips while having him as their helper. The epistle emphasizes that “everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”   

The message of the Gospel (Luke 4:1-13) contains the temptation of Jesus by the devil. Before highlighting what transpired between Jesus and the devil, it is important to understand that at this time, Jesus was about to begin his public ministry. He was aged 30. As such, as a faithful Son, he sought his Father’s divine intervention by engaging in prayer and fasting for 40 days and nights. When Satan saw that he was hungry, he used the scripture to tempt Jesus by telling him to turn stones into bread to fulfil that need. Because he knew the whole of the scriptures, he replied that “Man does not live on bread alone.”

Next, the devil took him to a height, showed him the splendour of the world and lied that the kingdoms of the world were given to him which was why he promised that if Jesus worshiped him, he would give it to him. But again, Jesus used scripture saying: “You must worship the Lord your God, and serve him alone.” The last temptation took place at the parapet of the temple in Jerusalem where Satan told Jesus to throw himself down because scripture says, God will send angles to guard him from being hurt. Using the bible, Jesus replied: “You must not put the Lord your God to the test.” 

Types of Temptation

In his Summa Theologica, St. Thomas Aquinas describes the causes of sin which can be likened to the different types of temptation as concupiscence of the eyes, concupiscence of the flesh and the pride of life. We shall highlight them as follows:

a). Temptation or Concupiscence of the Eyes: The temptation of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden (Genesis 3:1-13) and the temptation of Christ in the wilderness (Luke 4:1-13 & Matthew 4:8-10) speaks to the heart of the temptation or concupiscence of the flesh. Often times, our eyes lust for material possessions and the mundane-goodies of this world which in the end put us in trouble. 

b). Temptation or Concupiscence of the Flesh: Identifying concupiscence of the flesh as one of the causes of sin, Thomas Aquinas makes the point that we are induced into sin through inordinate desires - The lust of the flesh includes sexual permissiveness and vain desires. The devil excites within us the concupiscence of the flesh so as to commit sin. The “lust of the flesh,” appears in two more significant passages of Scripture - the temptation of Eve in the Garden (Genesis 3:1-6) and the temptation of Christ in the wilderness (Matthew 4:8-10). Our passion often prepares us for the sins of the flesh such as gluttony, masturbation, fornication, adultery, bestiality, homosexuality and lesbianism. 

c). Temptation or Concupiscence of the Pride of Life: Someone has defined pride of life as anything that is “of the world,” meaning anything that leads to arrogance, ostentation, pride in self, presumption, and boasting. The phrase “pride of life” is biblical: “For everything in the world - the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life - comes not from the Father but from the world” (1 John 2:16). John makes it clear that anything that produces the pride of life comes from a love of the world and “if anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him” (1 John 2:15). This falls in line with the third temptation of Jesus. 

Pastoral Lessons

1. Since the Lord delivered the people of Israel from the misery, slavery and oppression they suffered in Egypt, his hand is not too short to deliver us (Isaiah 59:1) from our personal and communal malaise as individuals and a nation.

2. Despite the deadly disease you are suffering from, the pain of abuse, heartbreak and financial bankruptcy you are currently going through, the Lord who took the people of Israel to the Promised Land, flowing with milk and honey, is able to raise the dry bones in you (Ezekiel 37:1-14).

3. We are reminded that just as the Israelites brought the first-fruits of the produce of the soil that God gave them as a sign of gratitude to him for delivering them from evil, we ought to always appreciate God for saving us from various calamities because this is a crucial aspect of our worship of God.

4. Since God delivers those who believe from their hearts that they are made righteous and confess the name of Jesus with their lips and have him as their helper, we are challenged to renew our faith-commitment in proclaiming Christ to all peoples without fear.